Transaction e7f55bdf7897d0585b19cb433ae64b7600e22f11599372664e233552939cf14d

Block #263675

2013-10-14 21:02:27 +0000 UTC (~10 years, 10 months ago)

BTC Burned: 🔥0.0002 BTC🔥

Inputs

1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

Outputs

1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf5 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf5 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

1111111111111111111114oLvT2

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

1HwCRjULHSs1rC1fzrsvvgMKivE25RvJRS

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b9c20344f165f5378cd89ed0093a7113e64284a6 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG

OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

How did this transaction burn BTC?

The Empty String Public Key

The address 1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E is a Bitcoin address derived from an empty "" string as its public key. Wallets with bugs, including Bitcoin Core¹, have at times attempted to derive an address using ripemd160(sha256("")), which producees 1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E.

As it is impossible for any private key to result in an empty public key, this address is provably unspendable.

https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/445

View revision history

Burn Address

Bitcoin addresses are generated by base58 or bech32 encoding the hash of a public key or script, along with a version and checksum.

As the encoding is directly performed on this hash value, it is possible to generate a valid address for which the pre-image public key or script is unknown. This is known as a burn address.

This is commonly done to create a visually distinct address, and to demonstrate some level of “nothing up my sleeve” transparency. The hash values are picked to be values that are improbably to have been generated by chance (due to the immense computational power required to find a pre-image that hashes to a specific value).

While some burn addresses were used in Proof-of-Burn schemes, the majority of burn addresses are simply vanity addresses used to simply burn coins or encode a message into the blockchain.

View revision history

ECDSA Incompatibility

The Bitcoin Protocol relies on the secp256k1 elliptic curve for its cryptographic operations. This curve belongs to the larger family of elliptic curves.

Bitcoin also employs a number of hashing operations such as SHA-256 and RIPEMD-160. These operations are used in various places across the protocol, including in the creation of addresses and their corresponding Bitcoin Scripts.

In some cases, it is possible to select values that are invalid for the secp256k1 curve as inputs to the hashing operations. This can lead to unexpected results, such as the creation of addresses that can be used to receive BTC, but are never able to spend it.

View revision history

Raw Transaction

{
  "txid": "e7f55bdf7897d0585b19cb433ae64b7600e22f11599372664e233552939cf14d",
  "hash": "e7f55bdf7897d0585b19cb433ae64b7600e22f11599372664e233552939cf14d",
  "version": 1,
  "size": 393,
  "vsize": 393,
  "weight": 1572,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "bf4a2ac7b5c053746bb18d9f32378ac8e5febcb10548c9d0ff070aa37c00c38f",
      "vout": 1,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "3044022053e1e164f0cad4c8ea936ce43ac8abfe6c736846452de250ef3bbbef5cde206402205459c446020384bca700aa775d48f16ba33b40973031a798fedb8dda99edac6a[ALL] 048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d",
        "hex": "473044022053e1e164f0cad4c8ea936ce43ac8abfe6c736846452de250ef3bbbef5cde206402205459c446020384bca700aa775d48f16ba33b40973031a798fedb8dda99edac6a0141048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d"
      },
      "prevout": {
        "generated": false,
        "height": 263571,
        "value": "0.00269841",
        "scriptPubKey": {
          "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
          "desc": "addr(1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG)#n3f2vmc2",
          "hex": "76a91462e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f888ac",
          "address": "1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG",
          "type": "pubkeyhash"
        }
      },
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf5 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj)#ruxe82gk",
        "hex": "76a914833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf588ac",
        "address": "1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf5 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj)#ruxe82gk",
        "hex": "76a914833edf0d006a6a3d0a439817f7aaea0cf52dabf588ac",
        "address": "1CxxqWDboJTped3X81pRAuCpQDH5Pem5Qj",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 2,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1111111111111111111114oLvT2)#ula7cdg0",
        "hex": "76a914000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ac",
        "address": "1111111111111111111114oLvT2",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 3,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E)#htsvnqcg",
        "hex": "76a914b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb88ac",
        "address": "1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 4,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b9c20344f165f5378cd89ed0093a7113e64284a6 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1HwCRjULHSs1rC1fzrsvvgMKivE25RvJRS)#csk3ttum",
        "hex": "76a914b9c20344f165f5378cd89ed0093a7113e64284a688ac",
        "address": "1HwCRjULHSs1rC1fzrsvvgMKivE25RvJRS",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00209841",
      "n": 5,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG)#n3f2vmc2",
        "hex": "76a91462e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f888ac",
        "address": "1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    }
  ],
  "fee": "0.00010000",
  "hex": "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",
  "blockhash": "000000000000000f78aa923e7e11eb1310be4aa02b3b565c5b6bf1807b593b99",
  "time": 1381784547,
  "blocktime": 1381784547
}