Transaction 4ac76b03caf2711c1b068bb2e7c885ed9a772e634b92786cdd44637c550985e7

Block #264144

2013-10-16 20:08:49 +0000 UTC (~10 years, 10 months ago)

BTC Burned: 🔥0.0002 BTC🔥


Inputs
1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG
0.00021574 BTC
now $13.56
0.00021574 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG
0.00066613 BTC
now $41.88
0.00066613 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
Outputs
1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
0.0001 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
0.0001 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
0.0001 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1111111111111111111114oLvT2
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
🔥0.0001 BTC🔥
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
🔥0.0001 BTC🔥
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1B4ENSYndmScs2pwvwTq14CU5JVz8beQJV
0.0001 BTC
now $6.29
0.0001 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 6e4daa8936923bd4438dfbfeb9b639a4f0fa031c OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash
1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG
0.00018187 BTC
now $11.43
0.00018187 BTC
OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG pubkeyhash

How did this transaction burn BTC?

The Empty String Public Key

The address 1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E is a Bitcoin address derived from an empty "" string as its public key. Wallets with bugs, including Bitcoin Core1, have at times attempted to derive an address using ripemd160(sha256("")), which producees 1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E.

As it is impossible for any private key to result in an empty public key, this address is provably unspendable.

  1. https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/issues/445

View revision history

Burn Address

Bitcoin addresses are generated by base58 or bech32 encoding the hash of a public key or script, along with a version and checksum.

As the encoding is directly performed on this hash value, it is possible to generate a valid address for which the pre-image public key or script is unknown. This is known as a burn address.

This is commonly done to create a visually distinct address, and to demonstrate some level of “nothing up my sleeve” transparency. The hash values are picked to be values that are improbably to have been generated by chance (due to the immense computational power required to find a pre-image that hashes to a specific value).

While some burn addresses were used in Proof-of-Burn schemes, the majority of burn addresses are simply vanity addresses used to simply burn coins or encode a message into the blockchain.

View revision history

ECDSA Incompatibility

The Bitcoin Protocol relies on the secp256k1 elliptic curve for its cryptographic operations. This curve belongs to the larger family of elliptic curves.

Bitcoin also employs a number of hashing operations such as SHA-256 and RIPEMD-160. These operations are used in various places across the protocol, including in the creation of addresses and their corresponding Bitcoin Scripts.

In some cases, it is possible to select values that are invalid for the secp256k1 curve as inputs to the hashing operations. This can lead to unexpected results, such as the creation of addresses that can be used to receive BTC, but are never able to spend it.

View revision history
Raw Transaction 
{
  "txid": "4ac76b03caf2711c1b068bb2e7c885ed9a772e634b92786cdd44637c550985e7",
  "hash": "4ac76b03caf2711c1b068bb2e7c885ed9a772e634b92786cdd44637c550985e7",
  "version": 1,
  "size": 610,
  "vsize": 610,
  "weight": 2440,
  "locktime": 0,
  "vin": [
    {
      "txid": "346dc55efa635bf795caedffb8373cd2c8ac85a950d9b0a612d13bd23d093bec",
      "vout": 1,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "3046022100b3838f3c6caec6bf8ad340d4d38ff8bf4d1edfa5914f1f27fc56d483d0f30364022100ff507699930a8dc02b5d310eb247b9cdcf939e0ab0ae177accc6916cfe8034bb[ALL] 048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d",
        "hex": "493046022100b3838f3c6caec6bf8ad340d4d38ff8bf4d1edfa5914f1f27fc56d483d0f30364022100ff507699930a8dc02b5d310eb247b9cdcf939e0ab0ae177accc6916cfe8034bb0141048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d"
      },
      "prevout": {
        "generated": false,
        "height": 264136,
        "value": "0.00021574",
        "scriptPubKey": {
          "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
          "desc": "addr(1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG)#n3f2vmc2",
          "hex": "76a91462e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f888ac",
          "address": "1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG",
          "type": "pubkeyhash"
        }
      },
      "sequence": 4294967295
    },
    {
      "txid": "f8ba8e94e911c0c94d4f78188fa125c68c24f318388c6496fdb4582c3824fa31",
      "vout": 2,
      "scriptSig": {
        "asm": "30460221009768c400d05b903163b35bb1f2071ee13411209b683694038a6e125586ff89c4022100d0f6fca4a4d25b62d59ee5668bdb4116cf3d0a34fe07e15255ad6fd6baddf010[ALL] 048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d",
        "hex": "4930460221009768c400d05b903163b35bb1f2071ee13411209b683694038a6e125586ff89c4022100d0f6fca4a4d25b62d59ee5668bdb4116cf3d0a34fe07e15255ad6fd6baddf0100141048cacffd1264666777a0f7788c2140d39b55acaa9ff9718b67f7ad4567d599c080adb9f59d353de94f2f7ea1334d69dc044e2bf56132b6498475e8eaa511df25d"
      },
      "prevout": {
        "generated": false,
        "height": 263856,
        "value": "0.00066613",
        "scriptPubKey": {
          "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
          "desc": "addr(1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG)#n3f2vmc2",
          "hex": "76a91462e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f888ac",
          "address": "1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG",
          "type": "pubkeyhash"
        }
      },
      "sequence": 4294967295
    }
  ],
  "vout": [
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 0,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb)#pewx0y7c",
        "hex": "76a914dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d3288ac",
        "address": "1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 1,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb)#pewx0y7c",
        "hex": "76a914dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d3288ac",
        "address": "1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 2,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d32 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb)#pewx0y7c",
        "hex": "76a914dbaacd3b250ddf951c10f0d2b0ec611807f91d3288ac",
        "address": "1M2VbX9wUF77JbqjqojmGzV5V5qUdCqGPb",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 3,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1111111111111111111114oLvT2)#ula7cdg0",
        "hex": "76a914000000000000000000000000000000000000000088ac",
        "address": "1111111111111111111114oLvT2",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 4,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E)#htsvnqcg",
        "hex": "76a914b472a266d0bd89c13706a4132ccfb16f7c3b9fcb88ac",
        "address": "1HT7xU2Ngenf7D4yocz2SAcnNLW7rK8d4E",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00010000",
      "n": 5,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 6e4daa8936923bd4438dfbfeb9b639a4f0fa031c OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1B4ENSYndmScs2pwvwTq14CU5JVz8beQJV)#jt50u9nt",
        "hex": "76a9146e4daa8936923bd4438dfbfeb9b639a4f0fa031c88ac",
        "address": "1B4ENSYndmScs2pwvwTq14CU5JVz8beQJV",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    },
    {
      "value": "0.00018187",
      "n": 6,
      "scriptPubKey": {
        "asm": "OP_DUP OP_HASH160 62e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f8 OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG",
        "desc": "addr(1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG)#n3f2vmc2",
        "hex": "76a91462e20cdbe4fc8d8d5e954eaaa58292b419aea5f888ac",
        "address": "1A1r23bUwYXkUsemcMNEZM7iEGN7bfdUqG",
        "type": "pubkeyhash"
      }
    }
  ],
  "fee": "0.00010000",
  "hex": "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",
  "blockhash": "0000000000000005b1290c8e71558096aed49752497ab3a957e2cdeda7c41b20",
  "time": 1381954129,
  "blocktime": 1381954129
}